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Research papers on Statins and heart disease

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  3. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

    C. Mangione, Michael J. Barry, Wanda Nicholson, et al. · 2022 · JAMA · 597 citations

    Importance Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and death in the US and is the cause of more than 1 of every 4 deaths. Coronary heart disease is the single leading cause of death and accounts for 43% of deaths attributable to CVD in the US. In 2019, an estimated 558 000 deaths were caused by coronary heart disease and 109 000 deaths were caused by ischemic stroke. Objective To update its 2016 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a review of the evidence on the benefits and harms of statins for reducing CVD-related morbidity or mortality or all-cause mortality. Population Adults 40 years or older without a history of known C

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  4. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

    R. Chou, A. Cantor, Tracy L. Dana, et al. · 2022 · JAMA · 260 citations

    Importance A 2016 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found use of statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was associated with reduced mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. Objective To update the 2016 review on statins for primary prevention of CVD to inform the USPSTF. Data Sources Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to November 2021); surveillance through May 20, 2022. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials on statins vs placebo or no statin and statin intensity in adults without prior cardiovascular events; large cohort studies on harms. Data Extraction and Syn

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  5. Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses

    Ting Cai, L. Abel, O. Langford, et al. · 2021 · The BMJ · 209 citations

    Abstract Objective To assess the associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and to examine how the associations vary by type and dosage of statins. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Studies were identified from previous systematic reviews and searched in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, up to August 2020. Review methods Randomised controlled trials in adults without a history of cardiovascular disease that compared statins with non-statin controls or compared different types or dosages of statins were included. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were common adverse events:

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  6. Comparative effectiveness and safety of statins as a class and of specific statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and network meta‐analysis of randomized trials with 94,283 participants

    H. Yebyo, Hélène E. Aschmann, M. Kaufmann, et al. · 2019 · American Heart Journal · 156 citations

    Background: The current guidelines of statins for primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention were based on results from systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that suffer from limitations. Methods: We searched in PubMed for existing systematic reviews and individual open‐label or double‐blinded randomized controlled trials that compared a statin with a placebo or another, which were published in English until January 01, 2018. We performed a random‐effect pairwise meta‐analysis of all statins as a class and network meta‐analysis for the specific statins on different benefit and harm outcomes. Results: In the pairwise meta‐analyses, statins as a class showed statistically significant risk

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  7. The importance of LDL-C lowering in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention: Lower for longer is better

    Omar Mhaimeed, Z. Burney, Stacey L. Schott, et al. · 2024 · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · 125 citations

    Cumulative exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a key driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. An armamentarium of therapies to achieve robust and sustained reduction in LDL-C can reduce ASCVD risk. The gold standard for LDL-C assessment is ultracentrifugation but in routine clinical practice LDL-C is usually calculated and the most accurate calculation is the Martin/Hopkins equation. For primary prevention, consideration of estimated ASCVD risk frames decision making regarding use of statins and other therapies, and tools such as risk enhancing factors and coronary artery calcium enable tailoring of risk assessment and decision making. In patients

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  8. World Heart Federation Roadmap for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update

    Liliana Laranjo, F. Lanas, M. Sun, et al. · 2024 · Global Heart · 123 citations

    Background: Secondary prevention lifestyle and pharmacological treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) reduce a high proportion of recurrent events and mortality. However, significant gaps exist between guideline recommendations and usual clinical practice. Objectives: Describe the state of the art, the roadblocks, and successful strategies to overcome them in ASCVD secondary prevention management. Methods: A writing group reviewed guidelines and research papers and received inputs from an international committee composed of cardiovascular prevention and health systems experts about the article’s structure, content, and draft. Finally, an external expert group reviewed th

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  9. Intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering in cardiovascular disease prevention: opportunities and challenges

    C. Packard, M. Chapman, M. Sibartie, et al. · 2021 · Heart · 95 citations

    Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemia from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) were updated in late 2019 in light of recent intervention trials involving the use of innovative lipid-lowering agents in combination with statins. The new guidelines advocate achieving very low LDL-C levels in individuals at highest risk, within the paradigm of ‘lower is better’. With the advent of combination therapy using ezetimibe and/or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors in addition to statins,

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  10. Use of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in 41 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data

    M. Marcus, J. Manne-Goehler, M. Theilmann, et al. · 2022 · The Lancet. Global health · 93 citations

    Summary Background In the prevention of cardiovascular disease, a WHO target is that at least 50% of eligible people use statins. Robust evidence is needed to monitor progress towards this target in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where most cardiovascular disease deaths occur. The objectives of this study were to benchmark statin use in LMICs and to investigate country-level and individual-level characteristics associated with statin use. Methods We did a cross-sectional analysis of pooled, individual-level data from nationally representative health surveys done in 41 LMICs between 2013 and 2019. Our sample consisted of non-pregnant adults aged 40–69 years. We prioritised WH

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  11. Coffee or tea: Anti-inflammatory properties in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention.

    Stanisław Surma, A. Sahebkar, M. Banach · 2022 · Pharmacological research · 75 citations

    Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Inflammation and its biomarkers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), among the risk factors, such as hypertension, lipid disorders, and diabetes, may be also responsible for the residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Modern lipid-lowering treatment with statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, or bempedoic acid does not fully protect against inflammation. The recommendations of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) indicate selected nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties. Diet may have a significant impact on inflammation. Especially interesting in the context of inflammation is the

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  12. The Role of n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, and Interactions with Statins

    Julia K. Bird, P. Calder, M. Eggersdorfer · 2018 · Nutrients · 71 citations

    Decreases in global cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity in recent decades can be partly attributed to cholesterol reduction through statin use. n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are recommended by some authorities for primary and secondary CVD prevention, and for triglyceride reduction. The residual risk of CVD that remains after statin therapy may potentially be reduced by n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the effects of concomitant use of statins and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are not well understood. Pleiotropic effects of statins and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids overlap. For example, cytochrome P450 enzymes that m

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  13. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview of systematic reviews

    P. Byrne, J. Cullinan, Amelia Smith, et al. · 2019 · BMJ Open · 69 citations

    Objective To synthesise evidence from exclusively primary prevention data on the effectiveness of statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke, and outcomes stratified by baseline risk and gender. Design Overview of systematic reviews (SRs) using Revised-AMSTAR approach to assess quality. Data sources Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and PROSPERO to June 2017. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies SRs of randomised control trials (RCTs) or individual patient data (IPD) from RCTs, examining the effectiveness of statins versus placebo or no treatment on all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease, CVD (including stroke) a

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  14. Inclisiran: A New Strategy for LDL-C Lowering and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

    M. Albosta, Jelani K. Grant, P. Taub, et al. · 2023 · Vascular Health and Risk Management · 45 citations

    Abstract Multiple lines of evidence confirm that the cumulative burden of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is causally related to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As such, lowering LDL-C is a central tenet in all ASCVD prevention guidelines, which recommend matching the intensity of LDL-C lowering with the absolute risk of the patient. Unfortunately, issues such as difficulty with long-term adherence to statin therapy and inability to achieve desired LDL-C thresholds with statins alone results in residual elevated ASCVD risk. Non-statin therapies generally provide similar risk reduction per mmol/L of LDL-C reduction and are included by major socie

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  15. Cost-Effectiveness of Polygenic Risk Scores to Guide Statin Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

    M. Kiflen, A. Le, Shihong Mao, et al. · 2022 · Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine · 38 citations

    Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of death despite effective therapies and result in unnecessary morbidity and mortality throughout the world. We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of polygenic risk scores (PRS) to guide statin therapy for Canadians with intermediate CVD risk and model its economic outlook. Methods: This cost-utility analysis was conducted using UK Biobank prospective cohort study participants, with recruitment from 2006 to 2010, and at least 10 years of follow-up. We included nonrelated white British-descent participants (n=96 116) at intermediate CVD risk with no prior lipid lowering medication or statin-indicated condit

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  16. Disparities in Guideline-Recommended Statin Use for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Analysis of Adults in the United States

    David A. Frank, Amber E. Johnson, L. Hausmann, et al. · 2023 · Annals of internal medicine · 29 citations

    Background: Although statins are a Class I recommendation for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications, their use is suboptimal. Differential underuse may mediate disparities in cardiovascular health for minoritized individuals. Objective: To estimate disparities in statin use by race-ethnicity-gender and to determine whether these potential disparities are explained medical appropriateness and structural factors. Design: Cross-sectional analysis Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 – 2020 Participants: Individuals eligible for statin therapy based on 2013 and 2018 ACC/AHA Blood Cholesterol Guidelines Methods: The independent v

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  17. Intermediate and long-term residual cardiovascular risk in patients with established cardiovascular disease treated with statins

    K. Vijayaraghavan, S. Baum, N. Desai, et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 24 citations

    Introduction Statins remain the first-line treatment for secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events, with lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) being their therapeutic target. Although LDL-C reduction significantly lowers CV risk, residual risk persists, even in patients with well-controlled LDL-C; thus, statin add-on agents that target pathways other than LDL-C, such as the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid, may help to further reduce persistent CV risk in patients with established CV disease. Methods This narrative review examines the contemporary literature assessing intermediate- and long-term event rates in patients with established CV disease treated wi

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  18. Managing hypercholesterolemia in adults older than 75 years without a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An Expert Clinical Consensus from the National Lipid Association and the American Geriatrics Society.

    Vera A. Bittner, Sunny A. Linnebur, Dave L. Dixon, et al. · 2025 · Journal of clinical lipidology · 22 citations

    The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease increases with advancing age. Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL)-cholesterol levels remain predictive of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular events among individuals older than 75 years. Risk prediction among older individuals is less certain because most current risk calculators lack specificity in those older than 75 years and do not adjust for co-morbidities, functional status, frailty, and cognition which significantly impact prognosis in this age group. Data on the benefits and risks of lowering LDL-cholesterol with statins in older patients without atherosclerotic cardiovas

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