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Papers on “water scarcity agriculture irrigation efficiency”

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1. Four billion people facing severe water scarcity

   Mesfin M. Mekonnen, Arjen Y. Hoekstra · 2016 · Science Advances · 5,504 cites

   Freshwater scarcity is increasingly perceived as a global systemic risk. Previous global water scarcity assessments, measuring water scarcity annually, have underestimated experienced water scarcity by failing to capture the seasonal fluctuations in water consumption and availability. We assess blue water scarcity globally at a high spatial resolution on a monthly basis. We find that two-thirds of the global population (4.0 billion people) live under conditions of severe water scarcity at least 1 month of the year. Nearly half of those people live in India and China. Half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity all year round. Putting caps to water consumption by river basin

2. Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change

   Jacob Schewe, Jens Heinke, Dieter Gerten, et al. · 2013 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1,901 cites

   Water scarcity severely impairs food security and economic prosperity in many countries today. Expected future population changes will, in many countries as well as globally, increase the pressure on available water resources. On the supply side, renewable water resources will be affected by projected changes in precipitation patterns, temperature, and other climate variables. Here we use a large ensemble of global hydrological models (GHMs) forced by five global climate models and the latest greenhouse-gas concentration scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways) to synthesize the current knowledge about climate change impacts on water resources. We show that climate change is likely

3. Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions

   Chunyang He, Zhifeng Liu, Jianguo Wu, et al. · 2021 · Nature Communications · 1,857 cites

   Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity-where water demand exceeds availability-for the world's cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 under four socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, and explored potential solutions. Here we show the global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million (one third of global urban population) in 2016 to 1.693-2.373 billion people (one third to nearly half of global urban population) in 2050, with India projected to be most severely affected in terms of growth in water-scarce urban population (increase of 153-422 million people). The number of large cities expos

4. Constraints and potentials of future irrigation water availability on agricultural production under climate change

   Joshua Elliott, Delphine Deryng, Christoph Müller, et al. · 2013 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1,186 cites

   We compare ensembles of water supply and demand projections from 10 global hydrological models and six global gridded crop models. These are produced as part of the Inter-Sectoral Impacts Model Intercomparison Project, with coordination from the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project, and driven by outputs of general circulation models run under representative concentration pathway 8.5 as part of the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Models project that direct climate impacts to maize, soybean, wheat, and rice involve losses of 400-1,400 Pcal (8-24% of present-day total) when CO2 fertilization effects are accounted for or 1,400-2,600 Pcal (24-43%) otherwise. Fr

5. Global Monthly Water Scarcity: Blue Water Footprints versus Blue Water Availability

   Arjen Y. Hoekstra, Mesfin M. Mekonnen, Ashok K. Chapagain, et al. · 2012 · PLoS ONE · 1,055 cites

   Freshwater scarcity is a growing concern, placing considerable importance on the accuracy of indicators used to characterize and map water scarcity worldwide. We improve upon past efforts by using estimates of blue water footprints (consumptive use of ground- and surface water flows) rather than water withdrawals, accounting for the flows needed to sustain critical ecological functions and by considering monthly rather than annual values. We analyzed 405 river basins for the period 1996-2005. In 201 basins with 2.67 billion inhabitants there was severe water scarcity during at least one month of the year. The ecological and economic consequences of increasing degrees of water scarcity--as ev

6. Water scarcity in agriculture: An overview of causes, impacts and approaches for reducing the risks

   Carlo Ingrao, Rossana Strippoli, Giovanni Lagioia, et al. · 2023 · Heliyon · 711 cites

   Freshwater is a vital resource for both ecosystem health and human survival, and it is the natural resource that is the most extracted at the global level. Excessive freshwater consumption can be responsible for a scarcity in the circulation rate, which occurs when the freshwater demand exceeds its availability. Hence, water consumption needs to be optimised in all human activities, given the increasing freshwater scarcity due to climate changes and to the annual net increase in the human population of 81,000,000. Freshwater plays many important roles in daily life for example, agriculture is responsible for nearly 70% of that withdrawal volume, and it is therefore, the most water-intensive

7. Increasing agricultural water use efficiency to meet future food production

   Jim Wallace · 2000 · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · 706 cites

8. Water Scarcity and Wastewater Reuse in Crop Irrigation

   N. Ungureanu, V. Vlăduţ, Gheorghe Voicu · 2020 · Sustainability · 404 cites

   Due to climate change, two-thirds of mankind will face water scarcity by 2025, while by 2050, global food production must increase by at least 50% to feed 9 billion people. To overcome water scarcity, 15 million m3/day of untreated wastewater is used globally for crop irrigation, polluting the soil with pathogens, heavy metals and excess salts. Since 10% of the global population consumes food from crops irrigated with wastewater, pathogens transmitted through the food chain cause diseases especially in young children and women. In this paper, we discuss the status of water scarcity and the challenges to food security, the reuse of wastewater in agriculture and the possible risks to human and