Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
FFMQPermission: Free for research use. Free for non-commercial academic research, with no license fee. Cite the original publication.
A 39-item measure of trait mindfulness across five facets: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity.
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Reliability & validation
Subscales
Response anchors
Never or very rarely true · Rarely true · Sometimes true · Often true · Very often or always true
Known limitations
The Observing facet behaves differently in non-meditating samples and can correlate with maladaptive outcomes, complicating total-score interpretation.
Original citation
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504Questions researchers ask
What does the FFMQ measure?
A 39-item measure of trait mindfulness across five facets: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity.
How many items does the FFMQ have?
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) has 39 items across 5 subscales: Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-Judging of Inner Experience, Non-Reactivity to Inner Experience.
Is the FFMQ free to use?
The FFMQ is free to use for non-commercial academic research. You don't need to pay a license fee, but you should always cite the original publication.
Is the FFMQ reliable?
Validation studies report Cronbach's α of 0.75–0.91. See the reliability section for the population studied and full statistics.
Who developed the FFMQ, and how do I cite it?
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
Related scales
Library entry verified September 2026. Metadata is provided for reference. Questionnaires are built in Folio Surveyor, subject to each instrument's licensing, and can be taken to Qualtrics, Google Forms or Microsoft Forms, with their CSV responses brought back for scoring.