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Research papers on Income inequality and health

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  3. Income Inequality and Outcomes in Heart Failure: A Global Between-Country Analysis.

    Pooja Dewan, R. Rørth, P. Jhund, et al. · 2019 · JACC. Heart failure · 97 citations

    OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between income inequality and heart failure outcomes. BACKGROUND The income inequality hypothesis postulates that population health is influenced by income distribution within a society, with greater inequality associated with worse outcomes. METHODS This study analyzed heart failure outcomes in 2 large trials conducted in 54 countries. Countries were divided by tertiles of Gini coefficients (where 0% represented absolute income equality and 100% represented absolute income inequality), and heart failure outcomes were adjusted for standard prognostic variables, country per capita income, education index, hospital bed density, and health wor

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  4. Is Exposure to Income Inequality a Public Health Concern? Lagged Effects of Income Inequality on Individual and Population Health

    Jennifer M. Mellor, Jeffrey Milyo · 2003 · Health Services Research · 76 citations

    Objective. To examine the health consequences of exposure to income inequality. Data Sources. Secondary analysis employing data from several publicly available sources. Measures of individual health status and other individual characteristics are obtained from the March Current Population Survey (CPS). State‐level income inequality is measured by the Gini coefficient based on family income, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau and Al‐Samarrie and Miller (1967). State‐level mortality rates are from the Vital Statistics of the United States; other state‐level characteristics are from U.S. census data as reported in the Statistical Abstract of the United States. Study Design. We examine the ef

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  5. Comparison of Health Outcomes among High- and Low-Income Adults Aged 55 to 64 in the US vs England

    Hwajung Choi, A. Steptoe, M. Heisler, et al. · 2020 · JAMA internal medicine · 51 citations

    Importance: Middle-aged adults in the US have worse health compared to adults in other high income countries such as England. Income inequality in the US is greater than in many other high income countries, which may contribute to especially poor health among low income adults in the US. Identifying health disparities, both within and across the US and England, is important for informing public health and public policy aimed at reducing these disparities. Objective: To compare the health of middle-aged adults in the US and England across the full distribution of income in each country. Design: Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) for

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  8. Association between gender inequality and population-level health outcomes: Panel data analysis of organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries

    C. Veas, F. Crispi, C. Cuadrado · 2021 · EClinicalMedicine · 37 citations

    Background Gender plays a well-recognized role in shaping health inequities. However, the population-level health consequences of gender inequalities have not been measured comprehensively. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between gender inequality and health indicators in organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Methods Ecological study based on 1990–2017 panel data for OECD member countries. Gender inequality was measured using the Gender Inequality Index (GII). The population health parameters evaluated were life expectancy (LE), healthy life expectancy (HALE), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), disability-adj

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  11. Causal Assessment of Income Inequality on Self‐Rated Health and All‐Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

    M. Shimonovich, M. Campbell, R. Thomson, et al. · 2024 · The Milbank Quarterly · 23 citations

    Policy Points Income is thought to impact a broad range of health outcomes. However, whether income inequality (how unequal the distribution of income is in a population) has an additional impact on health is extensively debated. Studies that use multilevel data, which have recently increased in popularity, are necessary to separate the contextual effects of income inequality on health from the effects of individual income on health. Our systematic review found only small associations between income inequality and poor self‐rated health and all‐cause mortality. The available evidence does not suggest causality, although it remains methodologically flawed and limited, with very few studies us

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  12. Area-level income inequality and oral health among Australian adults—A population-based multilevel study

    Ankur Singh, J. Harford, J. F. Antunes, et al. · 2018 · PLoS ONE · 22 citations

    Background A lack of evidence exists on the association between area-level income inequality and oral health within Australia. This study examined associations between area-level income inequality and oral health outcomes (inadequate dentition (<21 teeth) and poor self-rated oral health) among Australian adults. Variations in the association between area-level income inequality and oral health outcomes according to area-level mean income were also assessed. Finally, household-income gradients in oral health outcomes according to area-level income inequality were compared. Methods For the analyses, data on Australian dentate adults (n = 5,165 nested in 435 Local Government Areas (LGAs)) was o

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  13. Economic Inequality and Mental Health: Causality, Mechanisms, and Interventions.

    D. Rakesh, K. Shiba, M. Lamont, et al. · 2025 · Annual review of clinical psychology · 17 citations

    Almost all countries in the world have witnessed a rapid increase in levels of economic inequality, a measure of the distribution of income and wealth across the population, since the advent of neoliberal economic policies in the 1970s. In this review, we conceptualize inequality as an ecological construct and discuss why it matters for the mental health of populations and for individual clinical outcomes. We then discuss some of the key mechanisms through which economic inequality influences mental health beyond poverty itself: social comparison and social capital. We also consider how the effect might vary across specific vulnerable groups in the population, such as young people and minori

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  14. Income-Related Inequality in Traffic Accident Health Outcomes (Injury, Disability and Mortality): Evidence from the Nationwide Survey in Iran

    Payam Roshanfekr, Mohammad‐Reza Khodaie‐Ardakani, H. Sajjadi, et al. · 2020 · Iranian Journal of Public Health · 13 citations

    Background: Despite many efforts, Iran continues to have a high rate of traffic accidents and poor health outcomes. This study aimed to measure income-related inequality for traffic accident health outcomes in Iran, a country with one of the highest rates of traffic accidents and related health problems. Methods: The source of data was a national representative survey named the Iranian Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS, 2010). Monthly household income is obtained through self-report in different quarters. Disparity rate ratio (DRR), slop index of inequality (SII) and the population attributable risk percentage measure (PAR%) were calculated. The concentration index (C

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  15. A Fresh Evidence of Income Inequality and Health Outcomes Asymmetric Linkages in Emerging Asian Economies

    Shuang-Shuang Chang, B. Gao · 2021 · Frontiers in Public Health · 11 citations

    During the last few decades, income inequality in emerging Asian economies has been increased dramatically. It is widely recognized that income inequality has severely impacted population health. This study attempts to estimate the impact of income inequality on health outcomes in emerging Asian economies for a time horizon ranging from 1991 to 2019. Our empirical analysis shows that income inequality has a negative effect on life expectancy in the long run. We also find that positive changes in income inequality decrease life expectancy, but a negative change in income inequality increases life expectancy in the long run in emerging Asian economies. The symmetric and asymmetric results are

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  16. Does Financial Inclusion Matter to Population Health? Insight From a Global Dataset

    A. Acheampong, Godsway Korku Tetteh · 2024 · Social Indicators Research · 10 citations

    Currently, extensive empirical studies exist on the impact of financial inclusion on socio-economic outcomes such as economic growth, inequality, and poverty. However, research on financial inclusion and population health is limited and still at the infant stage. Therefore, this article adds to knowledge by inquiring into the health implications of financial inclusion using a global panel dataset for 121 countries between 2004 and 2020. After accounting for endogeneity with heteroskedasticity-based instrumental variable regression and cross-sectional dependency with the Driscol–Kraay estimator, we documented that financial inclusion improves population health outcomes. We found that the effe

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  17. Income Inequality and Population Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Test of Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis

    Ibrahim Abidemi Odusanya, Anthony Enisan Akinlo, et al. · 2021 · Journal of Population and Social Studies · 9 citations

    Existing studies have shown that income inequality remains a core determinant of population health. These findings are in line with the Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis (IIHH). However, this assertion remains unclear for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite the rising trend of income disparity in the region and the vastness of the studies that tested the validity of the IIHH. This inferential study, therefore, examines the effect of income inequality on health for 31 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1995 to 2015 using life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, and under-five mortality rate as indicators of population health, as well as the Gini index as a measurement of income inequa

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  19. Exploring socioeconomic inequality in caries experience in an adult Norwegian population; the HUNT4 Oral Health Study.

    Siri Christine Rødseth, H. Høvik, E. Bjertness, et al. · 2024 · Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 6 citations

    OBJECTIVES To investigate socioeconomic inequality in caries experience in an adult Norwegian population. METHODS This population-based study included 4549 dentate participants aged 25-94 years from the cross-sectional HUNT4 Oral Health Study conducted in Central Norway in 2017-2019. Participants were randomly sampled from the larger HUNT4 Survey and answered questionnaires and underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. Caries experience was measured as numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT index) and socioeconomic position was denoted by education and household income. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate associations between caries experience and

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  22. With great inequality comes great responsibility: the role of government spending on population health in the presence of changing income distributions

    Tong Liu, Daniel J. Dutton · 2020 · Canadian Journal of Public Health · 4 citations

    To determine the association between provincial government health and social spending and population health outcomes in Canada, separately for men and women, and account for the potential role of income inequality in modifying the association. We used data for nine Canadian provinces, 1981 to 2017. Health outcomes and demographic data are from Statistics Canada; provincial spending data are from provincial public accounts. We model the ratio of social-to-health spending (“the ratio”) on potentially avoidable mortality (PAM), life expectancy (LE), potential years of life lost (PYLL), infant mortality, and low birth weight baby incidence. We interact the ratio with the Gini coefficient to allo

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  23. Harmonizing the Interplay Between SDG 3 and SDG 10 in the Context of Income Inequality: Evidence from the EU and Ukraine

    Z. Dvulit, L. Maznyk, N. Horbal, et al. · 2025 · Sustainability · 4 citations

    This paper investigates how Sustainable Development Goals SDG 3 (Health and Well-being) and SDG 10 (Reducing Inequality) interacted during the period 2009–2021 within the context of income disparities in the European Union and Ukraine. The central assumption is that lowering income inequality improves overall population health. The research proposes a conceptual model with four main elements: classifying countries according to their Gini index along with their performance on SDG 3 and SDG 10; analyzing how income inequality and progress on SDG 10 influence health outcomes (SDG 3); categorizing countries based on the strength of links between inequality measures and well-being indicators; and

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