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Research papers on Disinformation and elections

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  1. The European Union’s Governance Approach to Tackling Disinformation – protection of democracy, foreign influence, and the quest for digital sovereignty

    Matthias Kachelmann, Wulf Reiners · 2023 · L'Europe en Formation · 7 citations

    Cet article présente une vue d’ensemble des caractéristiques de la désinformation à l’ère numérique, décrit l’évolution des efforts déployés par l’UE pour lutter contre la désinformation et fournit une analyse globale de l’approche de sa gouvernance en termes de politiques, d’acteurs et d’instruments politiques. Sur cette base, nous analysons sa compatibilité avec la quête de souveraineté numérique de l’UE. Les principales conclusions sont que l’UE a maintenu une approche particulièrement stable en combinant des instruments souples et fermes dans un cadre de corégulation qui implique des acteurs privés et publics. Nous concluons que l’interaction entre la nature de la désinformation, la conf

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  2. Digital Democracy and Disinformation: The European Approach to Disinformation on Social Media in the Case of 2019 European Parliament Elections

    Dawid Aristotelis Fusiek, Angeliki Elli Stougiannou, Theoharris William Efthymiou-Egleton · 2022 · Journal of Politics and Ethics in New Technologies and AI · 2 citations

    This policy paper offers a brief overview of the hazards for digital democracy stemming from AI and digital tools and how the EU tackled online disinformation social media ahead of the 2019 European Parliament elections. The advent and introduction of social media into the political sphere has had a profound and substantial effect on Europe’s electoral processes affecting both voting behavior and the underlying factors that influence it. Whereas malicious actors often participating in disinformation have led to growing calls for reforms, this phenomenon has been most pronounced in the 2019 European parliament elections which saw an unprecedented reliance on digital media within the political

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  4. Contesting democracy in the digital age: Disinformation, hate speech, and technology-enabled security threats during Kenya’s 2022 general elections

    Peter Kipng’eno Kirui · 2026 · African Journal of Empirical Research · 1 citations

    Social media use during elections has laid bare the opportunities and risks it portends for democracy and peace, especially for many consolidating democracies in Africa, such as Kenya. While digital democracy, defined as “the use of digital media in political and governance processes” has expanded the democratic space through increased participation, the digital space has also been used to spread disinformation and hate messages and have polarized populations and exacerbate the potential for conflict, particularly in charged political processes like elections. Interrogating Kenya’s 2022 General Election, this article aims at unpacking digital democracy as a tool that could threaten peace pri

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  5. MEDIA, DISINFORMATION AND DEMOCRACY: how the media influence presidential elections in Brazil

    Fabíola Mendonça · 2020 · Revista Observatório

    This article aims to analyze the coverage of Brazilian media in the presidential elections held in the country after democratization, starting with 1989 and ending with 2018. The study was based on reflections on disinformation, manipulation, fake news and democracy, from the perspective of authors such as Serrano (2008; 2010), Abramo (2003), Ramonet (2007), Luhmann (2005), Mello (2020), Bucci (2019), Bobbio (2006) and Casara (2018). The research shows that historically the media tries to interfere in the election results, using strategies of manipulation and misrepresentation of the facts, which weakens the democratic system.

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  6. Deepfakes and AI-Generated Disinformation: A Threat to Democracy in the 2026 Elections

    Tony T. Williams · 2026 · Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences

    Since 2024, the dissemination of electoral disinformation has been radically changed by the rapid emergence of affordable, easy-to-use generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools that can create believable-looking images, audio, and video of candidates and public figures saying or doing things that never actually happened. This paper draws upon recent academic research, government reports, and investigative reporting mostly from the past two years to explore the impact deepfakes and AI-generated disinformation pose to democratic processes as they enter the 2026 election cycle. The paper, based on case studies from the United States, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Canada, Ireland,

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  7. Democracy in the Age of Deepfakes: A Study of AI-Enabled Disinformation Campaigns in the Bihar Assembly Elections 2025

    Jayanta Kumar Panda · 2026 · International Journal of Education, Society and Policy

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the way elections are conducted and perceived. The 2025 Bihar Assembly Election show how digital campaigning has entered a new phase, where artificial content can shape what citizens see, hear, and believe. This study examines the increasing use of deepfake videos, voice cloning, and AI-generated political messages in the Bihar Assembly Election and their impact on public discourse. The research analyses selected cases of viral political content reported in the media that prompted the Election Commission of India to formulate rules on the use of synthetic material in campaigns. The study finds that political actors have utilised AI tools both to p

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